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Manual Process — Hard-to-Reach Areas — 24/7 AOG

Flapper
Peening

Processes — Flapper Peening

Manual peening using flexible flaps. Ideal for hard-to-reach areas, localized repairs, on-wing line-maintenance interventions. AMS 2590 compliant.

At a glance
Process
Flapper Peening
Standards
SAE J442 · SAE J443 · AMS 2590 — NADCAP framework
Deployment
At customer site — 50+ countries · 24/7 AOG · Bordeaux workshop
Scope
Execution · process qualification · operator training · tooling supply
Quote
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Applicable standards

SAE J442SAE J443AMS 2590

How it works

How it works

Also called flap peening or flap peen — the same process, governed by AMS 2590.

Flapper peening is a manual peening process using a rotary tool fitted with flexible flaps coated with tungsten carbide or sintered steel particles. The operator applies the tool tangentially to the surface at a controlled rotation speed (2,000-5,000 rpm) and constant pressure.

The mechanical effect is equivalent to conventional shot peening: surface plastic deformation, generation of residual compressive stresses, fatigue life improvement. What makes flapper distinctive is its ability to operate in complex geometries, confined areas, or directly on the aircraft during line maintenance — where an automated peening booth cannot be used.

Flapper peening is specified by AMS 2590 (Rotary Flap Peening of Metal Parts). Process qualification requires an Almen-strip intensity curve, renewed operator qualification and batch-level traceability of flapper heads.

Flapper peening — also commonly called flap peening in shop-floor usage and specifications — refers to the same process: both terms are interchangeable. Kronos also supplies flap peening machines, rotary tools and consumables (carbide flaps, mandrels) in addition to execution and training.

Typical applications

Typical applications

Landing gear sockets and cavities

Fatigue initiation zones hard to reach with conventional shot peening. Applicable on removed or assembled parts.

Aircraft structural repairs (Major Repair)

After adding doublers, patches or crack repair — peening applied within the repair file.

AOG — on-wing intervention

Aircraft on Ground: immediate repair of critical zones on an aircraft on the tarmac or in a hangar. Our AOG team is on call 24/7.

Wing underside and composite-adjacent zones

Controlled peening near composites where a conventional blaster is not admissible.

Life restoration after operational use

On military structures (armored vehicles, fighter aircraft) after intensive missions, before returning to operation.

Repair of cracks detected during scheduled inspection

After detection and mechanical rework of a crack, local peening to delay re-initiation.

Parameters by material

Parameters by material

ParameterTypical value
Flapper rotation speed2,000 to 5,000 rpm
Flapper diameter8, 12 or 16 mm depending on zone
Zone exposure time30-120 s depending on target intensity
Equivalent Almen intensity6 to 14A
Minimum coverage100% (visual check, 10× loupe)

Flapper peening is effective on most aerospace alloys: aluminum (2024, 7075), titanium (Ti-6Al-4V), steels (300M, 4340, stainless), superalloys (Inconel under specific conditions). Flapper configuration (grit, binder) is selected according to the material.

Frequently asked questions

Frequently asked questions

Are flap peening and flapper peening the same thing?+
Yes — 'flap peening' and 'flapper peening' refer to exactly the same manual rotary-flap peening process (AMS 2590). Usage varies between shops and OEM documents. Kronos performs the process, trains operators and supplies flap peening machines and consumables (carbide flaps, mandrels, rotary tooling).
Does flapper peening produce the same residual stresses as automated shot peening?+
Yes, at equivalent stress depth. SAE studies (J2277, J2597) and Airbus/Boeing qualifications show that flapper peening reaches the same compressive residual stress levels as conventional shot peening for equivalent Almen intensities.
What is the minimum qualification for a flapper-peening operator?+
Operator qualification per the site written procedure and OEM requirements, with additional flapper-peening qualification. Kronos operators are all level 2 or level 3, with AOG field experience and multi-OEM exposure.
Can flapper peening be done on composite?+
Not directly on composite. However, flapper is ideal on metallic structure adjacent to composite, thanks to its precise control that avoids particle projection.
How long does a typical AOG flapper-peening intervention take?+
For an aerospace AOG, between 4 and 12 hours of net treatment depending on the zone. End-to-end lead time (travel + intervention + documentation): 24 to 48 hours from the call.
How is intensity controlled in flapper peening?+
Through an Almen strip exposed at the start and end of the intervention, under the same parameter conditions as the actual treatment. Saturation is established upstream for every tool/material/target-intensity combination.

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